"beste" meaning in Middle English

See beste in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective|altform=1}} beste
  1. alternative form of best Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: best
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-adj-xZXQ9-Cy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Adverb

Head templates: {{head|enm|adverb|altform=1}} beste
  1. alternative form of best Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: best
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-adv-xZXQ9-Cy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɛ̝ːst(ə)/, /ˈbɛst(ə)/ Forms: bestes [plural], beest [alternative], beeste [alternative], best [alternative], beast [alternative, Early-Middle-English], beaste [alternative, Late-Middle-English], beist [alternative, Northern], beyst [alternative]
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French beste, from Latin bēstia. First attested in c. 1225. Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|fro|beste}} Borrowed from Old French beste, {{der|enm|la|bēstia}} Latin bēstia, {{etydate|c|1225}} First attested in c. 1225 Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} beste, {{enm-noun}} beste (plural bestes)
  1. An animal or creature (life in the kingdom Animalia, sometimes including mankind):
    A (landborne and mammalian) quadruped.
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-noun-~ZvL~gCb Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Animals, Mammals Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 9 9 22 8 3 20 18 10 Disambiguation of Animals: 6 6 28 24 5 22 3 5 Disambiguation of Mammals: 4 4 31 31 3 23 2 2
  2. An animal or creature (life in the kingdom Animalia, sometimes including mankind):
    A creature used as livestock; a domesticated animal.
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-noun-g-MZWFC7 Categories (other): Animals, Livestock, Mammals Disambiguation of Animals: 6 6 28 24 5 22 3 5 Disambiguation of Livestock: 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Mammals: 4 4 31 31 3 23 2 2
  3. An evil being; a demon or monster.
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-noun-8INHLFsw
  4. A beast; a powerful fantastic or mythological creature.
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-noun-OECQ0YYi Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Animals, Mammals Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 9 9 22 8 3 20 18 10 Disambiguation of Animals: 6 6 28 24 5 22 3 5 Disambiguation of Mammals: 4 4 31 31 3 23 2 2
  5. A person who is merciless or unforgiving.
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-noun-aoC6KFsC Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 9 9 22 8 3 20 18 10
  6. A simpleton; an ignorant individual.
    Sense id: en-beste-enm-noun-ILAzAyOG Categories (other): People Disambiguation of People: 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 56
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: bestely, bestayle, bestial
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "beast"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "best"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "beist"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "beast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "bast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Cornish",
      "lang_code": "kw",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "best"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "beste"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French beste",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "bēstia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bēstia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1225"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1225",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French beste, from Latin bēstia. First attested in c. 1225.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bestes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beest",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beeste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "best",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beast",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beaste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beist",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beyst",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "beste",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "beste (plural bestes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bestely"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bestayle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bestial"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 22 8 3 20 18 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 28 24 5 22 3 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animals",
          "orig": "enm:Animals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 31 31 3 23 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Mammals",
          "orig": "enm:Mammals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An animal or creature (life in the kingdom Animalia, sometimes including mankind):",
        "A (landborne and mammalian) quadruped."
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-noun-~ZvL~gCb",
      "links": [
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "creature",
          "creature"
        ],
        [
          "Animalia",
          "Animalia#English"
        ],
        [
          "landborne",
          "landborne#English"
        ],
        [
          "mammalian",
          "mammalian#English"
        ],
        [
          "quadruped",
          "quadruped"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 28 24 5 22 3 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animals",
          "orig": "enm:Animals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Livestock",
          "orig": "enm:Livestock",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 31 31 3 23 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Mammals",
          "orig": "enm:Mammals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              71,
              77
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              116,
              123
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]",
          "ref": "c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:",
          "text": "Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped[…]",
          "translation": "Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An animal or creature (life in the kingdom Animalia, sometimes including mankind):",
        "A creature used as livestock; a domesticated animal."
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-noun-g-MZWFC7",
      "links": [
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "creature",
          "creature"
        ],
        [
          "Animalia",
          "Animalia#English"
        ],
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "domesticated",
          "domesticated"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An evil being; a demon or monster."
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-noun-8INHLFsw",
      "links": [
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "demon",
          "demon"
        ],
        [
          "monster",
          "monster"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 22 8 3 20 18 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 28 24 5 22 3 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animals",
          "orig": "enm:Animals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 31 31 3 23 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Mammals",
          "orig": "enm:Mammals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              18
            ],
            [
              51,
              57
            ],
            [
              87,
              93
            ],
            [
              138,
              144
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              19
            ],
            [
              54,
              59
            ],
            [
              93,
              98
            ],
            [
              139,
              144
            ]
          ],
          "english": "And the first beast [was] like a lion; and the second beast [was] like a calf; and the third beast had a face like a human; and the fourth beast [was] like an eagle flying.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:7, folio 118, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "⁊ þe firſte beeſte .· liyk a lioun / ⁊ þe ſecounde beeſte .· lijk a calf / ⁊ þe þꝛidde beeſte .· hauynge a face as of a man / ⁊ þe fourþe beeſte .· liyk an egle fleynge",
          "translation": "And the first beast [was] like a lion; and the second beast [was] like a calf; and the third beast had a face like a human; and the fourth beast [was] like an eagle flying.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A beast; a powerful fantastic or mythological creature."
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-noun-OECQ0YYi",
      "links": [
        [
          "beast",
          "beast"
        ],
        [
          "fantastic",
          "fantastic"
        ],
        [
          "mythological",
          "mythological"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 22 8 3 20 18 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who is merciless or unforgiving."
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-noun-aoC6KFsC",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "merciless",
          "merciless"
        ],
        [
          "unforgiving",
          "unforgiving"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "enm:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A simpleton; an ignorant individual."
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-noun-ILAzAyOG",
      "links": [
        [
          "simpleton",
          "simpleton"
        ],
        [
          "ignorant",
          "ignorant"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛ̝ːst(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛst(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "beste"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "beste",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "best"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of best"
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-adj-xZXQ9-Cy",
      "links": [
        [
          "best",
          "best#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "beste"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adverb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "beste",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "best"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of best"
      ],
      "id": "en-beste-enm-adv-xZXQ9-Cy",
      "links": [
        [
          "best",
          "best#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "beste"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animals",
    "enm:Livestock",
    "enm:Mammals",
    "enm:People"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "beast"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "baest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "beist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "best"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "beist"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "beast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "bast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Cornish",
      "lang_code": "kw",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "best"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "beste"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French beste",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "bēstia"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin bēstia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1225"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1225",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French beste, from Latin bēstia. First attested in c. 1225.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bestes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beest",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beeste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "best",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beast",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beaste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beist",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beyst",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "beste",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "beste (plural bestes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bestely"
    },
    {
      "word": "bestayle"
    },
    {
      "word": "bestial"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An animal or creature (life in the kingdom Animalia, sometimes including mankind):",
        "A (landborne and mammalian) quadruped."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "creature",
          "creature"
        ],
        [
          "Animalia",
          "Animalia#English"
        ],
        [
          "landborne",
          "landborne#English"
        ],
        [
          "mammalian",
          "mammalian#English"
        ],
        [
          "quadruped",
          "quadruped"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              71,
              77
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              116,
              123
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]",
          "ref": "c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:",
          "text": "Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped[…]",
          "translation": "Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An animal or creature (life in the kingdom Animalia, sometimes including mankind):",
        "A creature used as livestock; a domesticated animal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "creature",
          "creature"
        ],
        [
          "Animalia",
          "Animalia#English"
        ],
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "domesticated",
          "domesticated"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An evil being; a demon or monster."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "demon",
          "demon"
        ],
        [
          "monster",
          "monster"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              18
            ],
            [
              51,
              57
            ],
            [
              87,
              93
            ],
            [
              138,
              144
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              19
            ],
            [
              54,
              59
            ],
            [
              93,
              98
            ],
            [
              139,
              144
            ]
          ],
          "english": "And the first beast [was] like a lion; and the second beast [was] like a calf; and the third beast had a face like a human; and the fourth beast [was] like an eagle flying.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:7, folio 118, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "⁊ þe firſte beeſte .· liyk a lioun / ⁊ þe ſecounde beeſte .· lijk a calf / ⁊ þe þꝛidde beeſte .· hauynge a face as of a man / ⁊ þe fourþe beeſte .· liyk an egle fleynge",
          "translation": "And the first beast [was] like a lion; and the second beast [was] like a calf; and the third beast had a face like a human; and the fourth beast [was] like an eagle flying.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A beast; a powerful fantastic or mythological creature."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beast",
          "beast"
        ],
        [
          "fantastic",
          "fantastic"
        ],
        [
          "mythological",
          "mythological"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A person who is merciless or unforgiving."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "merciless",
          "merciless"
        ],
        [
          "unforgiving",
          "unforgiving"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A simpleton; an ignorant individual."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "simpleton",
          "simpleton"
        ],
        [
          "ignorant",
          "ignorant"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛ̝ːst(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛst(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "beste"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animals",
    "enm:Livestock",
    "enm:Mammals",
    "enm:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "beste",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "best"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of best"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "best",
          "best#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "beste"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animals",
    "enm:Livestock",
    "enm:Mammals",
    "enm:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adverb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "beste",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "best"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of best"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "best",
          "best#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "beste"
}

Download raw JSONL data for beste meaning in Middle English (6.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('urlpage', '\\U001021c6', '\\U001021c3')",
  "path": [
    "beste",
    "Template:IPA",
    "ARGVAL-ref1",
    "Template:R:en:Wright:1892"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "beste",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (4997730 and 9380997). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.